1. Beall MH, Beloosesky R, Ross MG. High risk pregnancy; Abnormalities of amniotic fluid volume. The placental membrans and amniotic fluid retention; in The placental from development to disease. Wiley-Blackwell, 2011, 12; 197–208.
2. Ekin A, Gezer C, Taner CE, Solmaz U, et al. Prognostic Value of Fetal Thymus Size in Intrauterine Growth Restriction. J Ultrasound Med 2016; 35:511–517.
3. Han CS. Fetal Biophysical Profile.Obstet Imaging Fetal Diagnosis Care [Internet]. Elsevier; 2018;537–540.
4. Hamza A, Herr D, Solomayer EF, and Meyberg-Solomayer G. Polyhydramnios: Causes, Diagnosis and Therapy. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd. 2013; 73(12): 1241-1246.
5. Adel NM, Abd-ElGawad EA, Abdel Hakeem AK. Diagnostic value of four dimensional ultrasound in detection of fetal causes of oligohydraminos: An observational study. The Egyptian Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine 48 (2017)1141–1147.
6. Touboul C, Boulvain M, Picone O, et al. Normal fetal urine production rate estimated with 3-dimensional ultrasonography using the rotational technique (virtual organ computer-aided analysis). Am J ObstetGynecol 2008;199:57e1–5.
7. Hindryckx A and De Catte L. Prenatal diagnosis of congenital renal and urinary tract malformations. Facts Views Vis Obgyn. 2011; 3(3): 165– 174.
8. Al-Gailani S. Making birth defects ‘preventable’: Pre-conceptional vitamin supplements and the politics of risk reduction. Stud HistPhilosBiol Biomed Sci. 2014; 47: 278–289.
9. Behairy NH and Talaat S. Fetal Neurosonography: Ultrasound Findings in Different Types, Associated Syndromes and Impact on Fetal Outcome . Med. J. Cairo Univ., 2012; 80, (1): 605-611.
10. Kristoffer LH, Nielsen MB, and Ewertsen C. Ultrasonography of the Kidney: A Pictorial Review. Diagnostics (Basel). 2016; 6(1):2.
11. O’Neill WC. Renal relevant radiology: Use of ultrasound in kidney disease and nephrology procedures. Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2014;9:373–381.
12. Fischer, R, Glob. libr. women's med., (ISSN: 1756-2228) 2008.
13. Nguyen HT, Herndon CDA, Cooper C, et al. The society for fetal urology consensus statement on the evaluation and management of antenatal hydronephrosis. J Pediatr Urol 2010;6:212–31.
14. Cunningham FG, Williams JW (John W. Williams Obstetrics. McGraw-Hill Medical; 2010. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog/101510655.
15. Figueroa L, McClure EM, Swanson J, Nathan R, Garces AL, et al. (2020). Oligohydramnios: a prospective study of fetal, neonatal and maternal outcomes in low-middle income countries. Reproductive Health, 17 (1).
16. Pasquini L, Seravalli V, Sisti G, Battaglini C, Nepi F, Pelagalli R, Di Tommaso M (2016). Prevalence of a positive TORCH and parvovirus B19 screening in pregnancies complicated by polyhydramnios. Prenatal Diagnosis, 2016; 36(3), 290–293.
17. Mohammed YA, Shawky RM, Soliman AA, Ahmed MM. Chromosomal study in newborn infants with congenital anomalies in AssiutUniversity hospital: Cross-sectional study. Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics, 2011; 12(1), 79–90.
18. Madendag Y, Madendag IC, Sahin E, Aydin E, Sahin ME, & Acmaz G. How Well Do the Popular Ultrasonic Techniques Estimate Amniotic Fluid Volume and Diagnose Oligohydramnios, in Fact? Ultrasound Quarterly, 2019; 35(1), 35–38.
19. Kehl S, Schlekle A, Thomas A, et al. Single deepest vertical pocket or amniotic fluid index as an evaluation test for predicting adverse pregnancy outcome (SAFE Trial): A multicenter, open label, randomized controlled trial. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016;47:674-679.
20. Schreuder MF, Westland R, Van Wijk AE. Unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney: a meta-analysis of observational studies on the incidence, associated urinary tract malformations and the contralateral kidney. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2009;24:1810–8.
21. Lausman A, McCarthy FP, Walker M, Kingdom J. Screening, diagnosis, and management of intrauterine growth restriction. Obstet Gynecol 2012;34 (1):17–28.
22. Brace RA. Physiology of amniotic fluid volume regulation. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2013;40(2):280-89.
23. Ten Broek CM, Bots J, Varela-Lasheras I, Bugiani M, Galis F, Van Dongen, S. Amniotic Fluid Deficiency and Congenital Abnormalities both Influence Fluctuating Asymmetry in Developing Limbs of Human Deceased Fetuses. PLoS ONE, 2013; 8(11), e81824.
24. Magann EF, Sandlin AT, Ounpraseuth ST. Amniotic fluid and the clinical relevance of the sonographically estimated amniotic fluid volume: oligohydramnios. J Ultrasound Med. 2011;30(11):1573-85
25. Friedman, P., & Ogunyemi, D. Oligohydramnios. Obstetric Imaging: Fetal Diagnosis and Care, 2018; 511–515.e1.
26. Vanderheyden T, Kumar S, Fisk NM. Fetal renal impairment. Semin Neonatol. 2003;8:279-289.
27. Graham JM. Smith’s Recognizable Patterns of Human Deformation. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2007.
28. Kurjak A, Berivoj M, Wiku A, et al., How useful is 3D and 4D ultrasound in perinatal medicine?. J. Perinat. Med. 2007; 35 10–27
29. Gonçalves LF, Nien JK, Espinoza J, et al. What does 2-dimensional imaging add to 3- and 4-dimensional obstetric ultrasonography? J Ultrasound Med 2006; 25: 691-699.
30. Öcal DF, Nas T, Güler I. The place of four-dimensional ultrasound in evaluating fetal anomalies.Ir J Med Sci 2015; 184: 607-612.
31. Lissauer D, Morris RK, Kilby MD. Fetal lower urinary tract obstruction. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 2007;12:464-470.
32. Merz E, Bahlmann F, Weber G. Volume scanning in the evaluation of fetal malformations: a new dimension in prenatal diagnosis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1995; 5: 222-227.
33. Yagel S, Cohen SM, Messing B, Valsky DV. Three-dimensional and four-dimensional ultrasound applications in fetal medicine. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2009; 21: 167-174.
34. Kırmızı D. A. The Significance of 4D Ultrasonography in Fetal Anomaly Screening. East J Med, 2017; 22(4): 230-232.